At first, when I see the digital pedagogy subject, I was rather embarrassed. It was very first meeting with digital pedagogy. During my studying era, I did not have any experience with using digital tools. The class was completely traditional so I focused on the teachers’ lecturing, dictated their stories and memorized all of the knowledge from them. I am not used to digital material composing the class. There was no difference when I entered to University, studying for Science education. Professor gave us some task to solve and assessed us through regular exam.

However, the course which I have taken is very different to the class which I did in Korea. Every session proceeds online, for the online session I should prepare the materials which is produced for virtual environment such as pptx files and video clips. I have never opened my own blog but to reflect the competence and be evaluated by tutor, I should design my blog and write the columns which I learnt from the class. Below the paragraph shows the common methods and materials which I used and studied for each of the session and how to apply them into the educational environment.

For Gathering information

1. Google docs
   • It is one of the popular materials in the world for sharing the document simultaneously preparing the class
   • It stores the contents automatically without pushing the button ‘Save’ so the state is pretty stable if there is good internet connection.
   • Almost every facilities are incorporated in the Google doc compared to Microsoft Word. Not very professional but simple so people who are first-user in the program are able to adapt easily.
2. Google presentation
   • It is the program that I used the material which I made for the Session 4: Assessment and Feedback.
   • As same as Google Doc, it is possible to share the presentation file with group members and edit the material together in the same time.
   • Simple tools for presenting so it is not rather elegant to Microsoft presentation however, that is the great advantage for the novice in the digital world.
3. Flinga
   • It is the program that I did not use for the session. However, the other team used it to present their subject. It can make a mind-map to categorize the detail contents which look clear.
   • Expressing in key words so it makes students be curious what will be there below the each terms.
   • It breaks the limitation that a mind-map is not only real class methods for brain-storming but also utilizes in the the virtual environment.

The three tools above have a common figure that it has automatic saving and immediate publishing. Therefore, it is available for giving feedback immediately to develop idea together and ponder it to ensure our purpose of each subjects.

For Storage

1. Google Drive
   • It has been sharing materials for all of the students who register in Professional Teacher Education in the course.
   • Easy to access if the creator give the link to the students. They can download the materials and review the classes.
   • Great for storing shared files with each other
2. Onedrive
   • Virtual storage for individuals to save the document by Microsoft
   • Safety level is very high because the program has a low possibility to be hacked and infected by viruses and broken

For Contacting

1. SNS (Including Whatsapp, Messenger,)
   • One of the most famous program in the world for mobile chatting
   • Be able to send photos, videos, messages, files almost everything
   • Easy to keep in touch if individuals turn on the Mobile Data
   • Informal methods so it is not proper for official contact
2. Skype
   • Many facilities but usually use as a video call
   • Good quality of the video so it is optimized for laptop and desktop.
   • It is able to create the link for attending the meeting
3. Adobe Connect
   • The method we has been using for the online session.
   • It can accept a number of people for the participants.
   • Many tools such as white board, video and note sharing, and many kinds of emotion and expression( Agree/Disagree, Applaud, Step away)

Copyright

A copyright is a collection of rights that automatically vest to someone who creates an original work of authorship.(Defined by Copyrightalliance). It is related to the safety in the virtual environment. Most of the reports and books have the reference at the last page. They always mention that where the sources are from. Because of the definition of copyright, it appears automatically for each creation. Everything has own right to exert and it must be respected.

The important issue is mentioning the reference where and when it was found and created gathering the materials for the assignment. It is associated to law and amendment which protect the copyright. Therefore, without informing the source, individuals could be punished as a violation of copyright rules.

To assess the assignment in digital perspective, observing copyright accounts for a significant part. Not intruding the others copyright, but protecting themselves.

Source

https://copyrightalliance.org/ca_faq_post/what-is-copyright/

Reflection on my presentation: How does the vocational teacher Tutor and Guide groups (teams)? How does the vocational teacher Tutor and Guide individuals?

It was the first time to change my presentation method in the virtual environment. It has been almost lecturing however, this time my group discuss about trying to change the other style of the class. We concluded use the workshop system to proceed the class in the session 3. A teacher worked as a facilitator in the work so that the the teacher guide students not to be confused when they are participating in the class and make them concentrate to the goal of the subjects.

Intending to figure out why we adopt the ‘Paper Clip Exercise’ themselves, we are able to let the audience understand how to lead the group and also the individuals at the same time. We composed the both group and independent work alternately. First, we put the independent work to think abut the usage of the paper clip to feel them how much it is limited to think individually. After that we let them share the idea each other to provide abundant idea from their own thought. Besides, they can check their common idea. Then, reflect the whole work to prepare the discussion of the main subject.

This is the role of teachers in the class. Lecturing is the traditional method to tutor and guide groups and individuals. Everyone can implement this way. However, during constructing the lecture as a workshop, teacher should be facilitators and co-participants to enhance the interest in the class and offer the proper and concise way to achieve the purpose of the class.

To guide students in individuals, giving them some time is necessary in order to be creative and come up with unique ideas. New ideas only appear once they have written down the common or similar ideas. Once the ideas that are similar and written down on paper, then their brains star to think deeply and more creatively. It is the process when a new idea appears in each of one’s mind. We defined this process is called ideation or idea generation. Through the ideation, we will be able to tutor and guide these individuals and groups together. Individuals are able to learn that they acknowledge similar ideas and they could be increased when they listen to each other and share them together.

What are group (or team) dynamics and what collaborative methods or practices can be used in teaching?

Before talking about group dynamics, I should define what the group is. Group is two or more people work together to achieve a goal for given tasks. The big difference with individual is the number of people. An individual is a sort of inner process to solve the question so it is difficult to deal the others thoughts. However, group is outer part to share experience and collaborate in the work.

Group dynamics is the social process to face problems, solve them with interacting each other in the group behavior. There are some characteristics of group dynamics. Literally, a group has at least two people. Those people gather in a formal way, not a natural meeting like a club. They have same goal to manage it and even if they are assessed independently, group work and collaboration affects the evaluation of the task which group did. Mostly, they are connected to face-to-face and each of them belong to each others.

Because of these features, there are also common problems in group dynamics. Many people are in the group so the important issue is how to divide the work in the group. Individuals have different abilities to mange to the problem. Put people in the proper position will overcome some challenges. Maintaining group cohesion is the other challenge. Sometimes, group become fragile due to trivial reasons; not be on time, skip the fixed schedule without informing and insist own opinion, etc.

To sum up, when a group is dynamic, creative ideas would overflow and the level of each group must increase. However, if it is too dynamic, cooperation might be broken, strength between the peers would be cut off and they will be discouraged to continue the work in the group. Keeping moderation is the most important way to promote the group dynamics.

How can the vocational classroom teaching methods promote individual learning process and personalized learning paths?

Before studying the teaching methods, I should comprehend the concept of ‘Personalized learning’ and ‘Individualized learning’.

Personalized learning has different objectives of learning for each of people. It focus on students’ preferences and abilities to find the way of studying. There is no fixed curriculum and students are able to participate in actively creating their own curriculum.

Individualized learning intends to same learning objectives for all. It is adjusted by students’ strengths and weaknesses. A teacher makes the curriculum and apply it to students to lead them to the goal in the class. It is particularly concentrated in the cognitive dimension.

To enhance both learning paths, many methods support the teaching process in the classroom. For instance, students can learning through the feedback. It is a typical mechanism for improving process of work. The process that I cited is the elements how feedback work in education.

1. Data on the actual level of a measurable attribute.
2. Data on the reference level of that attribute.
3. A mechanism for comparing the two levels, and generating information about the gap between the two levels.
4. A mechanism by which the information can be used to alter the gap. (Black and Wiliam, 1998, p. 48).

It includes the role of conversation, helping and teaching each other also inquiry and critical thinking. All of the factors are included in the process of feedback.

The practical tool which I learnt from the session was ‘Flinga’. It is the digital tool to combine individuals’ information which they search and their thoughts on the same screen so that they can share their sources immediately. Also it has a great condition; simple, well-designed, colored, and easy to use. Therefore, it is able to be utilized in many way such as a group work.

Source

Click to access How-to-teach-vocational-education.pdf

In session 2, there were 3 subjects which I have to learn. All subjects are related to virtual and online class.

Safety in Virtual Environment.

First topic was about ‘Safety in Virtual Environment’. There were several Safety to observe when we teach in the virtual environment and also some rules to follow the materials which are from the cyber space.

Cyber spaces is a virtual room but we can think that it is on the extension based on the real world. We should do almost as same as in the virtual world. The first point that I should recognize is about ‘Cyber Hygiene’. ‘Cyber Hygiene’ has many definition. As a main factor, it means the safety of identifying dangers and deal with them. Selecting right tools and accessing proper sites are significant part of the cyber safety. If we do not recognize that those are unsafe, they can downgrade our laptop and plant some viruses to exploit our information in the disk-drive. To prevent these phenomena, it is important for us to find and install the security program. It makes your computer maintain more stable in the security area.

To sustain the equality, we can reinforce the safety in the virtual environment. Institution should provide students the environment and equipment to intend their equal participation. To be equal, students need to have devices and software to learn in the course and the quality of the system affect a lot than people generally think. Also giving the chance equally is pivotal. During the discussion in virtual learning environment, teacher should give opportunity all students to not be dominated by a few people to show their competence as much as they can.

The official issue related to law is Copyright and Licensing. The idea or stuff which is created by people has a copyright and it is licensed to each of their work and assignments. When people quote the creative subject from others, teacher should inform the source where you find it. Not using for the economic benefit such as earning money could not be very serious matter however, officially if somebody infringe on copyright, it could be punished by criminal law.

How can present Virtual Environments be made Versatile and Activating?

Second topic is ‘How can present Virtual Environments be made versatile and activating?’. There are several challenges to overcome from the traditional teaching environment. Many teachers still prefer lecturing because it is the easiest way to proceed the class. They are used to face to face learning and teaching so it causes passive learning to students. Sometimes, it makes students discourage because of boring class. Those can be the extension of the virtual environment. In the virtual environment, teacher is not able to see directly to students and it is hard to interact each other. It makes students feel dull and hard to focus on the class. Technical issues such as poor internet connection and bad quality of devices annoyed students as well.

To activate the virtual environment, pay attention to sound and screen quality which are essential tools to deliver the information to students. Build the class structure enjoyable to let students easy to participate in. Always listen carefully to communicate each other during their speech and prepare to reply whenever they ask something and require the idea of you. Using common language is also important if there are multicultural students in the group. Almost English is used in the class however, it is lingua franca so always make sense whether students comprehend or not.

What Traditional Teaching Methods work with Virtual Environments and What don’t? & What Features are Better in Virtual Environment (Compared to Frontal Teaching – and Why they Better) ?

There are lots of methods and tools which are utilized in the traditional classroom. But several of them are not able to be applied in the virtual classroom. There are some conditions existed which can be worked in the virtual environment. First, it should not be working and moving together in the same space. Moreover, contacting physically is impossible in the virtual space to proceed the project and assess it. Using tangible tools like a glue, or a piece of paper cannot be the materials in the cyber space.

However, several common methods which is used in the traditional teaching can be applicable with virtual environment. For instance, mind-map is a great method to brainstorm before the main task. There is a program called ‘Flinga’ to make a mind-map online and share it with others simultaneously. Based on the inquiry, teaching can be richer and wider to cover large field. Giving the questions to students can facilitate them to teach and ask each other as well. There are no difference between being in the classroom and virtual setting.

There are some advantages which makes virtual environment better than teaching in front of the class. There is a limitation to have a traditional class because of the several factors. First, students are in the same geographical area at the same time. It makes students who are working abroad or live in the other time zone take part in the class impossible. But virtual class can overcome those problem. Upload the lecture and do the pre-task before the lecture and reflect their competence whenever they want before the deadline. They can be in the class if the internet connection is available. Also it is easy to share their thought when they do the group tasks. Because of development of the virtual tools, they can put the all idea into the one document such as Google Doc. Those are automatically saved so many organization and instructors move to virtual environments to use the capability for easy management and great availability.

Column 1: Jean Piaget

Jean Piaget is one of the pioneer of the Constructivism, especially in trivial constructivism. His idea is based on the construction of learning inside of the individuals’. Children engage their environment to lead them to make a structure in the each of their mind. He insisted that interaction between the structure in children’s mind and the experience from their environment revise the knowledge in their thought and develop the cognitive process.

Children must push their schema to make them conflict between their original recognition and the new cognition according to Piaget. It is limited for teacher to intrude the process which occur inside of the children’s brain. Because of this argument, ‘Discovery Learning’ has been popular and issued in the 1960s which students should discover the principles of academic subjects such as mathematics and science without any help from teachers.

Trivial constructivism

Trivial constructivism claims that people construct the mental form from their understanding. When they meet new knowledge, learners become puzzled to adapt the new information with their schema which they have had before. This process makes people learn more about the knowledge they meet and let their understanding richer by enhancing their learning.

However, constructivism is based on a individual thought so that it would be completely different for each people. Therefore, even if they gain the same information from the new environment, every person do not recognize the sharing meaning. It is mismatched that human being is a social animal to interact each other with the common condition. Because of the problem, consturctivism is criticized by the opposite side who do not uphold the theory.

Teaching in the classroom

1. Peer Interaction
   • They are sitting around the desk and discuss about the subject. They can adapt their schema comparing to others’ and make a conflict between their thoughts.
2. No teacher
   • According to Piaget’s theory, teachers and experts had better not interfere learner’s activity. The learner should develop their cognitive field themselves by breaking and converting their original thoughts.
3. Paper work
   • To reflect the consideration of students, paper working is one of the great tool to organize their idea and collect each of theirs into the one place.

In my classroom

Students independently observe the result of the reaction of the chemical process. They analyze themselves and make them collide their own schema to the new information and adapt the new knowledge. After finishing their experiment, they can consider the result with their peer to compare their opinion about the experiment.

Column 2: Lev Vygotsky

Lev Vygotsky is the Russian psychologist in the 1930s. He contended the social work is able to make people learn the knowledge and construct their thought. Compared to Piaget’s opinion, ‘inside-out’, Vygotsky argued an ‘outside-in’ theory. His insistence was presented in the 1960s to 1970s because when he asserted his voice, it was not match with Soviet ideology.

With his opinion, the main point of the learning is come from human activity. Especially, language accounts for the most part of it. For children, language is the first ‘tool’ to communicate to others in the logical process. They can express their thought and opinion exactly with language to their parents and the parents will discuss the issue with their children and give some feedback. This process lets children enhance their logical understanding and learn the concepts in the conversation. This is meant what Vygotsky argued that social relation causes cognitive level higher. Therefore, he affirmed that the assistance from teachers and parents has a big role of the learning process.

According to Vygotsky, there is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) which is an space where teacher and learner share their thought and opinion. It is an intellectual field when students approach this zone, teachers guide them to move to the next level of logical thinking and gain proper support to improve their thinking. Not only teacher but also students who are an expert in the specific field can be role as a teacher in the ZPD.

Social constructivism

Being opposite to the trivial constructivism, social constructivism emphasizes the external factor affects the internal factor to develop the knowledge and idea. Culture and social community contribute to develop the logical thinking process of individuals’. Those factors share a various kind of experience to a person who are interested in specific fields. Social work are able to improve the negotiating ability to adapt new environment.

To interact each others, theorists who advocate the social constructivism impose the importance to the tool, language. They consider that language is one of the most significant way to deliver each others’ thought. People are able to recognize the difference of the cognition between them and analyze their opinion profoundly. Sharing their idea, people can build their own structures in their mind and revise them to deal with the others.

Teaching in the class

1. Lecturing
   • From a teacher or an expert, students can build the new knowledge if they are in the ZPD. They can upgrade their ability of thinking facing to the new knowledge by the experts.
2. Consulting
   • Challenging works in front of students could be mentored by teachers or their peers who have more specific and high level of experience. From the Vygotskian thinkers, they call it ‘Scaffolding’.
3. Social Work
   • Not only academic group projects but also social work such as doing sports, playing music with peers and joining the club affect individuals’ schema. It provides learners several new experience and the courage to progress themselves.

In my classroom

Teacher can give several information to student to draw them into the goal about their subject. Some students are already good at the goal so that they can support their friends as an expert in the session. Assistants’ help is necessary to proceed the class and build the schema in students’ cognitive field.

Good  teaching

1. The picture I chose seems that there is no hierarchy between a teacher and students. Students focus on the teacher when he is talking about something. Their interaction is supposed to be well because the eye position between the teacher and students is almost same so it contributes the mood of the classroom mild and comfortable. The teacher sitting on the desk also makes students feel more friendly. They are standing in a round circle so that it makes them look each other easier.
2. First, the attitude of the teacher makes me reflect good teaching. He is sitting on the desk so his height becomes similar to the other students. If somebody overlook at me, generally I feel overwhelmed and hesitate to speak something in front of him/her. The teacher’s trial to get closer to students is felt in the pictures. Second, I can guess this picture explains good teaching owing to student’s facial expression. Over the teacher, there is a student who are wearing green shirts smiling to the teacher listening his explanation. Also next to her, the blue shirts girl looks very happy. All students concentrate what teacher say that is why I was able to read the good teaching in the pictures.
3. Group work and presentation walk are used as teaching methods in the picture. From the group work, students are able to exchange their opinion each other and learn how to respect the others who have different thought to me. They can figure out the way to deal with opposite idea and acquire the skills to make people in their sides. Through the presentation walk, students can practice their speaking skills in front of many people including their teacher and assess others’ materials giving feedback also taking feedback for their presentation. They learn how to edit and refer the others working and improve how to evaluate the assignment.
4. I will prepare my presentation as well so that student can feel the class is not for the students for all people in the classroom. It makes students take part in the session actively and affect following session to prepare more not to be compared with the others, also the teacher. It stimulates their competitive mind setting so that they become more engaged in the project.

Bad Teaching

1. One-way conversation exists in the class. Teacher always tell knowledge and information to the student in front of the classroom and students listen to them, jot down the wording, and try to memorize them. Everybody is sitting down looking at the same direction, no communication with each other. Teacher is standing a bit higher than the level of students’ seats. It looks like teacher press students to study more and more.
2. First, the teacher’s position is inappropriate. He stays in front of the class, so he is hard to care the students who are sitting backside of the classroom. His position also looks bad. He leans to the desk not standing straight, so it does not seem like teacher’s attitude. Second, students look passive. They are listening to the teacher’s voice even they do not look at the teacher. I can guess that they dictate what the teacher says and check the point which the teacher highlights. There is nothing that students participate in at the initiative. Also, there are too much students in the classroom. Therefore, teacher cannot take care of every student.
3. The teaching method ‘Lecturing’ is used in this picture. It is rather convenient for teachers because Lecturing is prepared by the teacher and mostly the teacher plays the fiddle with the class. For several subjects, this method is proper way to teach and justifiable. However, it turns to the boring lectures if the teacher do not prepare the class. Students feel difficult to understand and finally they will fall in sleep.
4. First, I will not be in front of the class. Be positioned surrounded by the students and make the class be vivid. Change the arrangement of the desks such as small groups or big circles to communicate each other easily. Not being a lecture in the class but being a facilitator to contribute for the students’ class.

In the first session, I met two different subjects that the other teams performed: “How do learning theories affect the planning of teaching in competence-based vocational education?” and “How do the official documents and regulations affect the planning of the teaching in your vocational field? Where can you find all this information?”.

First of all, I could find two learning theories; constructive alignment and inquiry-based learning. Constructive alignment is a well-organized method to lead students to achieve the tasks which is given to students. Before setting up the environment, teachers should designate the learning outcomes which is the topic content and level to understand. And they compose the teaching environment to make students take part in the workload in the class which can draw students to accomplish the purpose of the subject. Next assess students how much students follow the structures and if they do not manage to the outcomes, teachers should feedback and arrange optional studies to complement the shortage of their studying. The last thing is to grade students based on the assessment criteria. Students are able to notice how much they marked for their competence.

The other theory is Inquiry-based Learning. This method focus of asking question to students. It is specified to the part of the Constructive Alignment. The Constructive Alignment is the structure of the entire class, preparing to grading. Otherwise, Inquiry-based Learning is more detail way to approach to the specific situation. Teachers or students create questions about the subject. Students gain the factor of answers to solve the problem. After finding the supportive evidence, they explain it to and make a connection between the evidence and the knowledge designed by instructors to let students achieve. Finally, discuss students’ collection is proper or not and assess them that they reach to the goal.

The presentation about official documents and regulations affecting the plan. Official documents and regulations are prepared by educational institution. These are formal guidelines which should be followed by teachers who are working in each institutions such as vocational school, university and ministry of education. They give teachers great outline to refer and teachers plan, teach and assess based on the regulations and documents.

However, there are positive and negative sides which are caused by official documents and regulations. If a teacher applies the guideline and regulation excessively, students are hard to express their creativity in the class. The guideline would suppress their thoughts and varieties. Also, it could intrude teachers’ teaching styles. Every teacher has different characters so that students can be exposed in a wide range of environment but if there are too much regulation in the classroom setting, teacher limits their abilities and it affects negatively to students as well. Nevertheless, official documents and regulations are essential owing to generalizing the goal of the education in the country. If there are not any instruction, students would be confused by distraction which is made from too many various styles of teaching.

We can find the official documents and regulations in the websites of educational institutions. Each institutions have their own instructions and we can compare each others to figure out what is same and different. Moreover, we are able to catch the characteristic of the education in each institutions or countries. It is able to let us know and choose the right place to be employed.

Technology has been developed extremely fast since the Industrial Revolution occurred. It changed basic producing system, domestic production to mass production. The development of an internal combustion engine has made human’s life more practical and convenient. The range of life has broaden compared to last 100 years ago. It is undeniable that the Industrial Revolution converted our lives completely.

Now, for last several years, Information Technology (IT) has been uprising. People are getting used to the IT and nowadays almost everyone has smartphone and own laptop. A lot of application is made by IT developers in various fields. Educational and Pedagogical field is not the exception in atmosphere of 21st century.

Digital gadgets are necessary in the educational field. Every teacher use their laptop to upload the syllabus of the courses, students do their assignment and submit them online, and their parents check the notification about school to take part in actively to nurture their kids in a safe environment. Almost everything are working in virtual setting programs.

In the classroom, teacher uses several tools. Blackboard and chalks are necessity because nothing was better than those. However, current teachers are aware of IT services such as SNS, Youtube and Cloud program as a storage. They already know how to use them because when they were young, they were exposed by digital stuff and affected by them a lot. Therefore, they are able to apply them into the classroom and make educational programs more affluent. Even teacher and students can meet online and have a class too. It can complement many weak points in the traditional classroom. We do not have to be in geographically same location and at the same time. Video recorded class can substitute the live class and email and text message can supplement interaction in the classroom.

Virtual Environment has a infinite possibility in all over the fields. No one can foresee and conclude the answer. Especially in the education, it is rather conservative situation to apply the new technology but it is breaking gradually at the moment. In the future, I am looking forward to working in the edu-environment which is collaborated with virtual setting and traditional classroom.

For several days, my team have prepared the first session: Planning. But that was the big subjects. The main subject that we should focus was ‘How will you promote learning and competence using a classroom and virtual settings?’. When I first met the subject, I was rather embarrassed. I supposed why it is associated to Planning.

In general, there are several methods to plan the course. First, teachers should remind the implement and tools that they are already had. They should assess their competence about their teaching skills and knowledge of their own fields. Those are for teachers’ preparation.

Before the class, students should prepare their class as well. They need to recognize their abilities and levels how much they have already accomplished. Their are several tools to let them notice their level. For example, survey is the easiest way to evaluate themselves. Teacher makes several questions which are criteria of the assessment of each competence. Students answer questions honestly so that teacher can find out their abilities.

Those are the backgrounds that I have before preparing first session. However, doing the project for the first session, my teammates and I realized that the subject ,’How will you promote learning and competence using a classroom and virtual settings?’, includes everything for planning courses and classes. In the subject, teacher should consider their backgrounds also students background. Not only about them, but also they need to following the amendments and laws which are organized by the government. Those are followed in the other article in detail.

There are two environment when teacher can teach; Classroom and Virtual Setting.

In the classroom, it is a real meeting with students and could be also with their parents. It is easy to contact each other in a real class. Teacher should facilitate students to do active learning not passive. Making them take part in the lectures, teachers are able to help improve their social skills and increase their motivation.

For the students who needs special help, teachers have to build the systems and equip some tools to support them. Students who are from completely different culture are not used to new environment. For instance, students who believe certain religion do not eat pork or beef. When they visit a student restaurant first and face that all dishes are made in pork or beef, they will be embarrassed. Teachers should discuss this problem with students also with their colleagues to solve the problem. What I mentioned is included in international and multicultural classroom setting. What’s more, there are students who are disabled, have a mental disease. They should be helped by others not only in the classroom but also in the general daily life. Teachers must consider students who need to be taken care of before heading to the class and counsel them to know how to deal with them. Physically, the educational institution like schools decide students to be supported by individual teacher so that teachers can assist them immediately when they need. Before starting the personal study, counseling with students must be an efficient method to figure out the situation which students are in. According to the result of counseling, teacher can build a personal study plan for students and different criteria to achieve competence of the goal.

To sum up, in the classroom setting, teachers can contact students directly(Face to Face). Teachers should take advantage of everything which can happen in the classroom. Understanding and sympathizing students is the most important part in the classroom setting.

In the virtual setting class, making as same condition in the real classroom is impossible. Virtual setting class is an online class which both teachers and students communicate in front of the monitor, using their keyboard or microphone to interact. Teacher should maximize advantages of the virtual setting and minimize disadvantages of it.

As advantages of virtual setting class, convenience of the class must be increased. Virtual classroom makes teachers and students overcome the limitation of the location and time. Even if they are in the different time zone, both teachers and students can meet online and proceed the courses as well. Also, especially for some adults who are working, they do not have enough time to commute the school. Therefore, virtual class could be alternative to the traditional class which is spent much time. They can take part in the class flexibly thus virtual classroom increase the breadth of opportunity who wants to learn.

However, several disadvantages are existed in the virtual setting classroom. First of all, the individuals who participate in the virtual class should acquire the knowledge how to utilize some programs such as ‘Google doc’ and ‘Skype’. Those are rather simple but students who are in the elementary school and teachers who are not used to digital stuffs like ‘i-pad’ and smartphone are in trouble to deal with the gadgets. Moreover, if teachers and students are accustomed to use IT products, another problem will rise. It is hard for teachers to recognize how students understand the subject well. Interaction could be lacked between a teacher and students so it is possible to draw students to lose their motivation. Self-assessment and discipline is difficult to not only teens but also adults.

To prevent these negative situation in the virtual setting classroom, teachers put a lot of effort to students not to be alone behind the monitor. Regular check and assessment supplements the weak points of the virtual setting class. Before teaching in the virtual environment, let students and teachers get used to the digital stuffs to remove the hindrance of technical problems.

In conclusion, promoting learning and competence using a classroom and virtual setting is not very tough assignment for the teacher. Maximizing advantages and minimizing disadvantages in a classroom and virtual setting is the focal point of the issue to enhance achievement and competence. Teachers must facilitate students fluently not to make them feel different when they are in the classroom and virtual setting.